印度网友问：印度是资本主义国家，为什么中国反而比印度更强大？

中国和印度作为山水相邻的大国，其双边关系一直是全球热点，关于两国的民间讨论更是不绝于耳，在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友提问道：印度作为一个资本主义国家，为什么中国反而要比印度更加强大？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，他们纷纷作答，认为发展程度与社会制度关系不大。

问题：印度是资本主义国家，为什么中国反而比印度更强大？

美国网友阿努拉格•包纳加尔的回答

The degree of development of a country has little to do with the social system, but what makes China stronger than India?

一个国家的发展程度和社会制度没多大关系，但问题是是什么让中国比印度强大呢？

China and India are hard to compare! There are many dynamic variables that are difficult to measure. Geopolitics has changed the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the two countries in an unpredictable way on a time scale.

中国和印度很难比较！有许多动态的变量难以衡量，地缘政治在时间尺度上以不可预测的方式改变了两国的相对优势和劣势。

We can start with commonness.

我们可以先从共性开始分析。

• China and India are the two most populous countries on earth, and their combined population accounts for more than one third of the total human population!

•中国和印度是地球上人口最多的两个国家，他们的人口加起来占整个人类总量的三分之一以上！

• everything involving China and India is huge. Food consumption, energy demand, trade balance, military strength, political strength, diplomatic strength and soft power are among the highest in the world.

•涉及中国和印度的一切都是巨大的，食品消费、能源需求、贸易平衡、军事实力、政治实力、外交实力、软实力，都居于世界前列。

• China and India are the two oldest civilizations on earth. They experienced a long feudal period. For a long time, they were the richest, most populous and most advanced society at that time. These empires rose and fell, and then rose again.

•中国和印度是地球上最古老的两个文明，他们曾经历漫长的封建时期，在相当长的一段时间里，他们是当时最富有、人口最多、最先进的社会，这些帝国起起落落，然后再次崛起。

• they are all countries with a vast territory. In terms of territorial area, China is the third largest country in the world and India is the seventh largest country in the world.

•它们都是幅员辽阔的国家，就领土面积来说，中国是世界第三大国，印度是世界第七大国。

• China's nominal GDP ranks second in the world and its purchasing power parity GDP ranks first in the world, exceeding US $27 trillion. India ranks fifth in nominal GDP and third in purchasing power parity GDP, exceeding US $10 trillion. Both China and India are leading economic powers.

•中国名义GDP排名世界第二，购买力平价GDP排名世界第一，超过27万亿美元。印度名义GDP排名世界第五，购买力平价GDP排名第三，超过10万亿美元，中国和印度都是首屈一指的经济大国。

• both countries occupy rich land resources and are at the core of the region. China is located in the center of Eurasia, and its policies in this field can h艾薇e a global impact.

•两国都占据着丰富的土地资源，在区域内处于核心地位。中国位于欧亚大陆的中心，其在这一领域的政策可以产生全球影响。

India is an ancient bridge between the East and the west of the world, and its status has been maintained for thousands of years. India's coastal dominance, a maritime traffic corridor across the Indian Ocean, has become one of the busiest and richest business districts in the world, which has further consolidated its influence.

印度是世界东西方之间的一座古老桥梁，其地位已经保持了几千年。印度的沿海主导地位横跨印度洋海上交通通道，已经成为世界上最繁忙、最富有的商业区之一，这进一步巩固了其影响力。

So, since the two are so similar in many fields, what makes China stronger than India?

那么，既然两者在诸多领域如此相似，是什么让中国比印度更强大呢？

China has a special institutional advantage, which enables China to carry out major projects and projects more efficiently than India. The huge decisions are often efficient and accurate, such as the Daxing airport project and the excellent performance during the COVID-19 epidemic.

中国有着特殊的体制优势，这种治理模式使中国可以比印度更高效地开展重大事业和项目，巨大的决策往往高效而精准，比如大兴机场项目和新冠病毒疫情期间优异的表现。

India's speed and scale are not as fast as China's, which gives China a late mover advantage in many cases, and can accurately control the speed and scope of its development, so as to catch up with the development level of many rivals.

而印度的速度和规模都不及中国，这让中国在许多情况下拥有后发优势，而且可以精准把控自己发展的速度和范围，从而赶上许多对手的发展水平。

In most cases, India's decisions are made by parliamentary game and supported by some voters. Therefore, the decision-making may be more chaotic and time-consuming, which may harm the interests of some people.

在大多数情况下，印度做出的决定是由议会博弈做出的，并得到部分选民的支持。因此，决策可能会更混乱，耗时更长，可能会损害部分人群的利益。

China's military strength is much stronger than India's, and its budget is more than three times that of India. This military strength, coupled with China's stronger economic foundation and deeper technical capabilities, enables China to give full play to its influence in the Asia Pacific region and even the world.

中国的军事力量比印度要强大得多，其预算是印度的三倍多，这种军事实力，再加上中国更雄厚的经济基础和更精深的技术能力，使中国能够充分发挥在亚太地区乃至全球的影响力。

China is the fifth largest member of the United Nations Security Council. Its defense budget is close to $200 billion. India, which has 1.4 million national defense forces and a budget of more than $73 billion in fiscal year 2020, can be said to be nothing compared. However, both countries h艾薇e nuclear weapons and millions of field troops.

中国是联合国安理会第五大成员国，其国防预算接近2000亿美元，拥有140万国防军，2020财年预算超过730亿美元的印度与之相比可以说是小巫见大巫，但这两个国家都拥有核武器和数百万人的野战部队。

China has the world's largest industrial system, known as the "world factory". China has moved from backward to leading. It occupies a leading position in almost all manufacturing fields such as shipbuilding. Its huge infrastructure construction capacity is unmatched by any other country.

中国拥有全球最大的工业体系，被称为“世界工厂”，中国已经从落后走向领先，在造船等几乎所有制造业领域占据领先地位，其庞大的基础设施建设的能力是任何其他国家都无法比拟的。

India simply cannot compare with China's industrial, financial or infrastructure capabilities. Only Europe as a whole, or the United States, can compete with China in this field.

印度根本无法与中国的工业、金融或基础设施能力相比。只有欧洲作为一个整体，或者说美国，才有可能在这一领域与中国竞争。

Even with the full support of Finance and technology from Japan, India can only compete in such sub industries, but this can only be achieved when Japan's technology, finance and economy keep pace with India. Obviously, this is impossible.

即使有来自日本金融和技术的全面支持，印度也只能在这一类的子行业中竞争，但这只有在日本的技术、金融和经济与印度并驾齐驱的情况下才能实现，显然这是不可能的。

China's military science and technology has developed rapidly, and hypersonic weapon experiments h艾薇e been successful repeatedly. They h艾薇e the ability to quickly transfer the entire missile regiment from one theater to another, enabling them to respond to rapid force emergencies.

中国的军事科技发展迅速，高超音速武器实验屡屡成功。他们有能力快速地将整个导弹团从一个战区转移到另一个战区，使他们能够应对快速发展的部队突发事件。

India has not invested in such a large ballistic missile arsenal, so it cannot carry out the same level of force projection in this category.

印度没有投资这么大的弹道导弹武库，因此无法在这一类别中进行同样水平的武力投射。

Although India has invested a lot of money in Anti Ballistic Missile and anti satellite weapon capabilities, it is a defense capability rather than a power projection capability. In the short term, India cannot really protect itself from ballistic missile attacks with existing defense measures.

虽然印度在反弹道导弹和反卫星武器能力方面投入了大量资金，但这是一种防御能力，而不是一种力量投射能力，从短期来看，印度无法用现有的防御措施真正保护自己免受弹道导弹的袭击。

China is investing he艾薇ily in robots and artificial intelligence and has become a world leader in this field. Many pending technological innovations may be driven by artificial intelligence and robotics, so China is sure to make large-scale investment in this field to meet long-term challenges.

中国正在大力投资机器人和人工智能，并已经成为这一领域的世界领导者。许多尚未到来的技术创新可能是由人工智能和机器人技术推动的，因此中国肯定会在这一领域进行大规模投资，以迎接长期挑战。

Compared with China, India's investment in such future technologies is insignificant, and India is more concerned with infrastructure and job creation than cutting-edge technology.

与中国相比，印度在此类未来技术方面的投资微不足道，印度更关心的是基础设施和创造就业，而不是尖端技术。

Although India is a major player in the fields of computer, ites services and technology, and it has proved its ability to manufacture supercomputers, including operating systems in the gigaflop category, the technology and funds in these fields are often controlled by Japan and Western countries, and India has no autonomy at all.

印度虽然是计算机、ITES服务和技术领域的主要参与者，它已经证明自己有能力制造超级计算机，包括gigaflop类别中的操作系统，但这些领域的技术和资金往往被日本和西方国家把持，印度根本没有自主权。

China is also a pioneer in the field of quantum communication. It has built the world's first operational national quantum communication network, which gives China a leading edge in the field of anti hacker communication.

中国还是量子通信领域的先驱力量，已经建成了世界上第一个可运行的国家级量子通信网络，这让中国在反黑客通信领域上获得了领先优势。

China takes the lead in this field, but India is a powerful country in the field of electronic warfare. From sporadic public reports, it has some ongoing confidential research in the field of high-energy physics, which can make up for India's weakness in quantum communication.

中国在该领域领先，但印度在电子战领域是一个有能力的大国，从零星的公开报道来看，它在高能物理领域有一些正在进行的机密研究，这些能力可以弥补印度在量子通信方面的弱点。

Therefore, China is stronger than India in many aspects, but India also has its own advantages. These advantages are broad enough. India and China are destined to coexist as neighbors, civilized entities, friendly powers in some fields and competitors in other categories.

因此，中国在很多方面都比印度强大，但印度也有自己的优势，这些优势足够广泛，印度和中国注定要作为邻国、文明实体、某些领域的友好大国和其他类别的竞争对手共存。

Time will tell us whether they move towards confrontation as hostile powers or reconciliation as neighbors. So far, this trend seems to be good for India and the world.

时间会告诉我们，他们是作为敌对大国走向对抗，还是作为邻国走向和解。到目前为止，趋势线似乎表明了后一种趋势，这对中国、印度和世界都有好处。